L-Carnosine - "The Super Peptide"
L-Carnosine (kahr´no-sën), is a well-known neuropeptide consisting of alanine and histidine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine). It is normally made in the human body and is found at high levels in brain, innervated tissues, the lens of the eye, and skeletal muscle tissue.
In laboratory studies, it has been demonstrated that carnosine has the ability to protect cells against oxidative stress as well as to increase their resistance toward functional exhaustion and accumulation of senile features. Mechanisms of such protection are explained in terms of:
- proton buffering (maintaining pH balance in the muscles in heavy exercise)
- heavy metal chelating (especially copper and zinc)
- free-radical and active sugar molecule scavenging (prevents glycation and carbonylation of proteins)
- preventing the modification of biomacromolecules thereby keeping their native functionality under oxidative stress
Physiological concentrations (20-30 micromoles, or mM) in standard media prolong the in-vitro life span of human fibroblast cells and strongly reduce the normal features of senescence (ageing). In laboratory animals, carnosine clearly improved the external appearance of experimental animals and produced apparent beneficial effects on behavioral parameters and average life span.
Age-related conditions that carnosine may be useful for include:
- neurological degeneration (Alzheimer´s, Parkinson´s, epilepsy depression, schizophrenia, mild cognitive impairment, dementia and stroke)
- Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Asperger´s syndrome, ADHD, dyslexia
- cellular senescence (ageing) in general
- cross-linking of the eye lens (cataracts)
- cross-linking of skin collagen (skin ageing)
- formation of advanced glycation end products (AGES)
- accumulation of damaged proteins
- muscle atrophy
- brain circulation deficit (stroke)
- cardiovascular conditions
- diabetes and its complications.
Carnosine as a multifunctional dietary supplement is a relatively new discovery. It is an amazing physiological and 100 % natural super-antioxidant with numerous biological roles including (in addition to the above mentioned):
- universal and versatile antioxidant activity
- supporting muscle vitality
- increasing muscle strength and endurance
- speeding up recovery after sprints
- inhibiting cellular damage caused by alcohol
Side-effects:
- None reported. Carnosine is nontoxic.
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